Critical System Figure — Three-Tier Mental Model of Democracy
Tier 3:
Democratic Norms and Conventions

The informal rules and cultural agreements that govern political behavior. Participants view these as self-serving customs of politicians — the weakest tier, considered highly expendable when the foundational order is threatened.

Tier 2:
The Constitutional Architecture

The republic's formal structure — branches of government, the Bill of Rights, the Electoral College. Commands genuine loyalty, but strictly conditional on protecting the moral foundation below it.

Tier 1:
The Moral Foundation

Faith, Family, Freedom, and Place. The pre-political bedrock on which democratic governance was built and is supposed to protect. Everything above is judged against it. When everything else fails, it is the only thing that holds.

Tier 3 — Top Layer
Democratic Norms and Conventions

The informal rules and cultural agreements that govern political behavior. Viewed as the most expendable tier — self-serving customs of politicians, easily discarded in a crisis.

Tier 2 — Middle Layer
The Constitutional Architecture

Branches of government, the Bill of Rights, the Electoral College. Commands genuine loyalty, but strictly conditional on protecting the moral foundation below.

Tier 1 — Bedrock Anchor
The Moral Foundation

Faith, Family, Freedom, and Place. The pre-political bedrock everything above is judged against. When everything else fails, it is the only thing that holds.

ReD / SNF Agora’s architectural translation of respondents’ cognitive frameworks of legitimacy. Hover or tap each tier to explore.